If you’ve noticed tiny, rough bumps on your upper arms that just won’t go away even after you’ve tried scrubbing or exfoliating you’re definitely not alone. These little bumps are harmless, but they can be really frustrating. People often call the texture “chicken skin,” and it’s easy to see why.
Most of the time, these bumps are caused by a common skin condition called keratosis pilaris, or KP for short. The good news is it’s not dangerous, and you can’t catch it from anyone else. The tricky part? It can make your skin look uneven, feel rough, or even a little dry in the affected areas, which can be frustrating if you’re trying to keep your arms looking smooth.
You might start wondering why it happens to some people and not others. It usually comes down to genetics and how your body produces keratin a protein in your skin. Certain factors, like dry skin or eczema, can make KP more noticeable, and it often shows up in childhood or adolescence.
In this guide, you’ll discover exactly what keratosis pilaris is, why it develops, who’s most likely to get it, and what a dermatologist can do to help you achieve smoother, softer skin. By the end, you’ll have a clearer idea of how to manage KP and feel more confident showing off your arms.
What Is Keratosis Pilaris?
Keratosis pilaris, often called KP, is a really common skin condition that affects people of all ages. It happens when your body produces too much keratin a natural protein that helps protect your skin. Normally, keratin does a great job keeping your skin strong, but when it builds up too much, it can block the openings of your hair follicles. That’s when you get those tiny, rough bumps that can be frustrating to deal with.
You’ll most often notice KP on certain areas of your body, including:
- Your upper arms (this is the spot where it appears most frequently)
- Your thighs
- Your buttocks
- Your cheeks
Each bump can look like a small goosebump or a tiny pimple, but unlike acne, these bumps aren’t filled with pus and aren’t caused by bacteria. They’re completely harmless, though they can make your skin feel uneven, rough, or dry.
KP tends to be more noticeable during dry months or if your skin is naturally on the drier side. It often starts in childhood or adolescence and can run in families, so if your parents had it, there’s a good chance you might too. While KP usually doesn’t go away completely, it often improves with age so the bumps you see now might become less noticeable over time.
Even though KP isn’t dangerous, it can be a bit annoying, especially if you want your arms or legs to look smooth. The good news is there are ways to manage it and keep your skin feeling softer and looking more even.
What Do the Bumps Look and Feel Like?
If you have keratosis pilaris, you’ve probably noticed that the bumps aren’t always the same from person to person and sometimes they can even vary on different parts of your body. Typically, though, you can expect:
- Small, hard bumps: Usually around 1–2 mm in size, these tiny bumps can feel like little grains under your fingers.
- Slight redness or inflammation: Some bumps may be a bit red or irritated, especially if you’ve been scratching or rubbing the area.
- Rough, sandpaper-like texture: Run your hand over the affected skin and you might notice a dry, bumpy texture that feels almost like sandpaper.
- Mild itching or dryness: While KP isn’t usually painful, the bumps can feel a bit itchy or make your skin dry, particularly in colder months.
You might also notice that KP becomes more visible during dry or cold weather, when your skin naturally loses moisture. Sunlight and humidity can temporarily make it look less noticeable, but the bumps usually return once your skin dries out.
Even though the bumps can be frustrating and make your skin look uneven, remember that KP is completely harmless. Understanding how it looks and feels can help you manage it better and know what kind of treatments or moisturisers might actually work for you.
Common Symptoms of Keratosis Pilaris
If you have keratosis pilaris, you might notice a few key signs. The most obvious are tiny raised bumps, usually 1–2 mm in size, that appear on your upper arms, thighs, and buttocks. They can feel like little grains under your fingers and are often described as rough or sandpaper-like.
Your skin in these areas might also feel dry and slightly scaly, making it look uneven. Mild redness or inflammation can show up, especially after you’ve been showering, scrubbing, or scratching the bumps. Some people even notice mild itchiness, which can make the area more irritating if you scratch too much.
You’ll often find that KP is more noticeable during the winter months or in dry climates. Cold weather and low humidity can make your skin lose moisture, which highlights the bumps and rough texture. Over time, you might also see that the affected areas look a little patchy or uneven in tone, even after moisturizing.
While these symptoms can be annoying, remember that KP is completely harmless and doesn’t lead to any serious health problems. Recognizing what your skin looks and feels like is the first step toward managing it effectively.
Why Does Keratosis Pilaris Happen?
Keratosis pilaris happens when keratin the tough protein that normally protects your skin builds up and blocks the tiny openings of your hair follicles. When this happens, those characteristic little bumps appear, and your skin can feel rough or uneven.
The exact reason KP develops isn’t fully understood, but research points to several common factors:
1. Genetics
KP often runs in families. If your parents or siblings have it, there’s a good chance you might too. Your genes seem to influence how your skin produces keratin and how your hair follicles handle it, which explains why it can show up early in life and stick around.
2. Dry Skin
If your skin is naturally on the drier side, you’re more likely to experience keratin build-up. Dry skin can make the bumps more noticeable, and it can feel rough or patchy to the touch.
3. Eczema and Other Skin Conditions
People with atopic dermatitis (eczema) or other chronic dry-skin conditions tend to be at higher risk. The inflammation and dryness associated with these conditions can make KP more pronounced.
4. Hormonal Changes
Hormones play a role too. You might notice KP worsening during puberty, pregnancy, or other hormonal shifts, because these changes can affect how quickly your skin cells turnover.
5. Climate
Where you live and the season can make a difference. Cold, dry weather often aggravates KP, making bumps more visible and your skin feel rougher. In contrast, humid climates can temporarily improve the texture by keeping your skin more hydrated.
Understanding these triggers can help you take better care of your skin and manage KP more effectively. While you can’t change your genes or completely control hormonal shifts, simple strategies like moisturising regularly and using gentle exfoliation can make a real difference in how your skin looks and feels.
Who Gets Keratosis Pilaris?
Keratosis pilaris is actually very common it affects up to 40% of adults and as many as 60% of teenagers. The condition can appear at any age, but certain groups are more likely to notice it.
You’re most likely to see KP in:
- Children and teenagers, especially during puberty. Hormonal changes at this time can make the bumps more noticeable, and many people first develop KP during these years.
- Adults with dry or sensitive skin, since dryness can make keratin build-up worse and highlight the rough texture.
- Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma, or other atopic conditions, because these conditions are linked to a higher risk of developing KP.
Women tend to be slightly more prone to keratosis pilaris than men, though both genders can experience it equally. KP can sometimes improve with age, but some people carry it into adulthood especially if dry skin or other triggers persist.
Even though it’s widespread, the good news is that KP is completely harmless. Knowing who tends to get it can help you understand why it’s happening to you and what steps you can take to manage it effectively.
Is Keratosis Pilaris Contagious or Harmful?
No keratosis pilaris is completely harmless and not contagious. You can’t “catch” it from someone else, and it isn’t caused by poor hygiene or anything you’ve done wrong. The bumps are simply a result of keratin building up in your hair follicles.
That said, KP can still be frustrating. The rough texture and tiny bumps can make your skin look uneven, and sometimes the affected areas feel dry or slightly itchy. Many people choose to treat it not because it’s dangerous, but because they want their skin to look and feel smoother.
Even though KP is harmless, taking care of your skin with gentle moisturising, exfoliation, or dermatologist-recommended treatments can make a real difference. With the right approach, you can reduce the appearance of bumps and keep your skin feeling softer and more comfortable.
Can Keratosis Pilaris Go Away on Its Own?
In some cases, yes keratosis pilaris can improve over time. Many people notice that the bumps become less noticeable as they get older, especially after their 30s. Your skin may gradually smooth out, and the rough texture often becomes less of an issue.
That said, KP doesn’t always disappear completely. For some people, the bumps can be persistent and require ongoing care to keep them under control. The good news is that with the right skincare routine including gentle exfoliation, regular moisturising, and dermatologist-recommended treatments you can manage KP effectively and maintain smoother, softer skin throughout the year.
Even if the bumps don’t vanish entirely, consistent care can make a noticeable difference in how your skin looks and feels, helping you feel more confident in your arms, legs, and other affected areas.
How a Dermatologist Diagnoses Keratosis Pilaris
If you’re wondering whether a dermatologist can help with your bumps, the good news is that diagnosing keratosis pilaris is usually quick and straightforward. Most of the time, no biopsy or lab tests are needed a simple physical examination is enough.
During your appointment, the dermatologist will:
- Examine the pattern and texture of your bumps to confirm they match the typical signs of KP.
- Check other areas such as your thighs, buttocks, or cheeks for similar bumps that often appear alongside the ones on your arms.
- Ask about your family history and skin conditions since KP often runs in families or occurs alongside eczema and other dry-skin conditions.
If your bumps are unusually itchy, red, or inflamed, the dermatologist may also consider other possibilities, such as folliculitis or other skin conditions, to make sure you get the right diagnosis and care.
By seeing a dermatologist, you can not only confirm it’s KP but also get personalised advice and treatments to keep your skin smooth, soft, and comfortable.
Dermatologist-Approved Treatments
There’s no permanent “cure” for keratosis pilaris, but consistent treatment helps soften the skin, reduce bumps, and prevent recurrence.
Here are the most effective options recommended by dermatologists:
1. Chemical Exfoliation (AHAs and BHAs)
Keratosis pilaris responds well to gentle chemical exfoliants that dissolve dead skin cells and unclog hair follicles.
Common ingredients include:
- Lactic acid – softens and hydrates dry, rough skin
- Glycolic acid – promotes smoother skin texture
- Salicylic acid – penetrates hair follicles and reduces keratin build-up
Apply once a day or every other day, depending on tolerance.
Avoid over-exfoliation scrubbing too hard can worsen redness and irritation.
2. Moisturisers with Urea or Ceramides
Hydration is crucial for managing keratosis pilaris.
Look for body creams containing:
- Urea (5–10%) – breaks down rough, dry patches
- Ceramides – strengthen the skin barrier
- Shea butter or squalane – seal in moisture
Apply twice daily, especially after bathing when the skin is still slightly damp.
3. Topical Retinoids
A dermatologist may prescribe a topical retinoid (like tretinoin or adapalene) to improve cell turnover and prevent follicle blockage.
Retinoids can be drying at first, so start slowly a pea-sized amount 2–3 times a week and increase as tolerated.
4. Laser Therapy
For persistent or red keratosis pilaris, laser treatments can help by targeting redness and inflammation.
Options include:
- Pulsed dye laser (PDL) – reduces redness and visible capillaries
- Fractional laser – smooths rough texture and stimulates collagen
Laser treatments are safe and effective under the guidance of an experienced dermatologist.
5. Gentle Skincare Routine
Daily habits make a big difference. Avoid harsh scrubs, soaps, and long hot showers they strip away essential oils.
A simple, soothing routine should include:
- Mild cleanser
- Moisturising body lotion
- Sun protection (to prevent darkening of affected areas)
At-Home Care Tips for Smoother Arms
1. Exfoliate Gently
Use a soft washcloth or a mild AHA-based body exfoliant 2–3 times a week. Avoid grainy scrubs.
2. Apply Moisturiser Immediately After Showering
Lock in hydration while the skin is still slightly damp.
3. Avoid Picking or Scratching
This can cause inflammation, dark marks, or infection.
4. Use Lukewarm Water
Hot showers worsen dryness.
5. Wear Breathable Fabrics
Cotton and loose-fitting clothes prevent friction that can aggravate bumps.
6. Stay Consistent
Regular moisturising and gentle exfoliation are key. KP improves gradually, not overnight.
Ingredients That Can Help
Certain skincare ingredients can make a big difference if you’re dealing with keratosis pilaris. Lactic acid, for example, gently exfoliates your skin while keeping it hydrated, making it ideal if your skin is sensitive or very dry. Salicylic acid works well to clear clogged hair follicles, which is especially helpful for oily or acne-prone skin.
If your bumps feel rough or scaly, urea can help by softening the skin and removing dead cells. Ceramides are great for repairing and strengthening your skin barrier, which benefits all skin types and helps prevent dryness. Lastly, niacinamide can reduce redness and calm inflammation, making it a good choice if your KP looks irritated or inflamed.
Using products with these ingredients regularly can help smooth out bumps, improve texture, and keep your skin looking and feeling healthier.
Common Myths About Keratosis Pilaris
Myth 1: You can scrub it away.
Harsh exfoliation damages the skin and worsens bumps.
Myth 2: It’s caused by poor hygiene.
KP is genetic and unrelated to cleanliness.
Myth 3: Moisturiser doesn’t help.
Regular moisturising is one of the most effective ways to reduce roughness.
Myth 4: It’s permanent.
While there’s no “cure,” most people manage it successfully with consistent care.
When to See a Dermatologist
If home care isn’t improving the texture or if the bumps become painful, red, or inflamed, book an appointment with a dermatologist.
Professional help is especially important if:
- The bumps itch or bleed
- You notice scarring or pigmentation
- Over-the-counter products cause irritation
Your dermatologist can personalise a plan that includes medical creams or laser therapy, ensuring results without worsening sensitivity.
Emotional and Cosmetic Impact
Though harmless, keratosis pilaris can affect confidence especially during summer when arms and legs are exposed. Many patients find that treating KP not only improves skin texture but also boosts self-esteem and comfort in their own skin.
A compassionate dermatologist understands this emotional aspect and can recommend a treatment plan that works for your goals and lifestyle.
Preventing Future Flare-Ups
Once your skin improves, keep it smooth by maintaining good habits:
- Moisturise daily this prevents keratin build-up.
- Avoid harsh soaps use pH-balanced, fragrance-free cleansers.
- Stay hydrated internal hydration supports the skin barrier.
- Humidify your environment during winter months.
- Protect your skin from the sun UV exposure can darken affected areas.
Frequently Asked Questions About Keratosis Pilaris:
1. Can keratosis pilaris appear on parts of the body other than the arms?
Yes, keratosis pilaris can appear on other areas of the body beyond the upper arms. While the upper arms are the most common location, it may also develop on the thighs, buttocks, and sometimes the cheeks. The distribution tends to be symmetrical, meaning it usually affects both sides of the body in a similar pattern.
2. Is keratosis pilaris painful or dangerous?
Keratosis pilaris is completely harmless and is not considered a medical threat. The bumps do not cause pain or infection under normal circumstances. While they may feel rough or slightly itchy, the condition does not lead to serious health problems and is primarily a cosmetic concern.
3. Does keratosis pilaris go away on its own?
In some cases, keratosis pilaris may improve over time, especially as people reach their 30s or older. The bumps often become less noticeable with age, although they may not disappear completely. Regular skin care and treatments recommended by a dermatologist can help manage the condition more effectively.
4. Can keratosis pilaris be caused by poor hygiene?
No, keratosis pilaris is not related to hygiene. It is caused by the buildup of keratin, a natural protein, in hair follicles and is influenced by genetic factors. Washing the skin excessively or using harsh scrubs will not prevent the bumps and may actually make the skin more irritated.
5. Are there specific triggers that make keratosis pilaris worse?
Yes, several factors can make keratosis pilaris more noticeable. Dry skin, cold weather, and low humidity often worsen the bumps. Hormonal changes, such as those during puberty or pregnancy, can also affect how the skin produces keratin and make the condition more apparent. People with eczema or other dry-skin conditions may experience more pronounced symptoms.
6. What treatments do dermatologists recommend for keratosis pilaris?
Dermatologists often recommend a combination of treatments that soften the skin and reduce the appearance of bumps. Gentle chemical exfoliants containing lactic acid, glycolic acid, or salicylic acid can help unclog follicles. Moisturisers with urea, ceramides, or shea butter help maintain hydration. In persistent or inflamed cases, topical retinoids or laser therapy may be suggested. A dermatologist can create a personalised routine based on individual skin type and severity.
7. Can keratosis pilaris spread to others?
Keratosis pilaris is not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another. The condition is due to an individual’s skin and genetic makeup, so it is completely non-infectious. Family members may have similar symptoms due to shared genetics, but it is not a transmissible condition.
8. How can I prevent keratosis pilaris from worsening?
Preventing flare-ups involves maintaining good skincare habits. Daily moisturising helps prevent keratin buildup, while avoiding harsh soaps and long hot showers protects the skin barrier. Staying hydrated, using a humidifier during dry months, and protecting the skin from the sun can also reduce the severity and visibility of bumps.
9. Will keratosis pilaris affect my confidence or appearance long-term?
While keratosis pilaris is harmless, it can have an emotional and cosmetic impact. Many people feel self-conscious about exposed arms and legs during the summer. With effective treatment and skincare, the bumps can become less noticeable, which often improves self-esteem and comfort in one’s own skin over time.
10. When should I see a dermatologist about keratosis pilaris?
You should consider consulting a dermatologist if home care does not improve the texture of your skin, or if the bumps become painful, red, or inflamed. Professional evaluation is also important if the skin develops scarring, pigmentation changes, or irritation from over-the-counter products. A dermatologist can assess the severity and recommend a tailored treatment plan that is both safe and effective.
Final Thoughts: Managing Keratosis Pilaris for Smoother Skin
Tiny bumps on your upper arms or other areas can be frustrating, but with consistent care, keratosis pilaris is usually manageable. Regular moisturising, gentle exfoliation, and dermatologist-recommended treatments can help reduce bumps, improve texture, and keep your skin feeling soft.
You can contact our dermatologist at the London Dermatology Centre, who will assess your skin and recommend a personalised treatment plan to manage keratosis pilaris effectively. With the right routine, you can gradually see smoother, healthier-looking skin. Remember, patience and consistency are key improvements take time, but the results are worth it.
References:
1. Maghfour, J., Ly, S., Haidari, W., Taylor, S.L. & Feldman, S.R., 2022. Treatment of keratosis pilaris and its variants: a systematic review. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 33(3), pp.1231–1242. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32886029/
2. Wong, P.C., 2024. Keratosis pilaris treatment paradigms: assessing current therapeutic options. Dermatology and Therapy, 37(4), pp.1–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38447098/
3. Pennycook, K.B., 2023. Keratosis pilaris – StatPearls. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546708/
4. Wang, M.A., 2023. A Review of the Scoring and Assessment of Keratosis Pilaris. StatPearls. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10410087/
5. American Academy of Dermatology, 2024. Keratosis pilaris: diagnosis and treatment. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/keratosis-pilaris-treatment